Special Considerations For Same-Sex Divorce

The state of New Jersey has recognized marriage equality since October of 2013 and now that same-sex marriage is legal in the Garden State many people may begin to wonder what considerations need to be realized regarding same-sex divorce. One of the first things that a gay or lesbian couple must consider is if they entered into a civil union prior to their marriage how the civil union, which is a legal agreement, may affect them if they decide to divorce. Based upon the new N.J. Department of Health policies, same-sex couples who were previously joined in a domestic partnership or civil union do not need to dissolve these partnerships as a prerequisite to marrying in this state - provided that the spouses who were joined in either of these two legal relationships are marrying each other and not someone new. Ultimately, because the legal marriage does not function to dissolve the prior domestic partnership or civil union, the gay couple remain in two distinct legally valid unions - the marriage and the civil union or domestic partnership. If the relationship sours and the couple decides to obtain a divorce, they must remember that both the legal marriage and the other legal partnership must both be terminated. Each legal union brings certain rights, entitlements, and responsibilities to the relationship and therefore terminating only the marriage does not release a party from the obligations that flowed through the prior civil union or domestic partnership and vice versa. Therefore, LGBT couples who are planning to apply for a marriage license should take the time to discuss whether or not they should address the issue of their civil union prior, during, or after their marriage as there may be consequences that result from either allowing the legal partnership to remain in affect or by dissolving it. If you are a homosexual couple and have questions regarding what legalities you should be aware of regarding your same-sex marriage or divorce it is imperative that you seek out the advice of an experienced attorney before proceeding. For more information about same-sex marriage, same-sex divorce, same-sex relationship dissolution, alimony, equitable distribution or other family law matters in New Jersey visit HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Will the New Jersey Marriage Equality Bill Become a Law in 2014?

The year 2013 brought many social changes, one of the most important being the legalization of same-sex marriage through a New Jersey Superior Court judicial ruling, but will the New Jersey Marriage Equality Bill became a law in 2014? In October of 2013, a New Jersey Superior Court judge, the Honorable Mary C. Jacobson, J.S.C., ruled in Garden State Equality v. Dow that prohibiting same-sex marriages in New Jersey violated homosexual individuals' equal protection under both the United States Constitution and the New Jersey State Constitution. Governor Chris Christie withdrew his challenge after the New Jersey Supreme Court refused to grant a stay and indicated that it would uphold the lower court's ruling. Same-sex marriages have been legally conducted in NJ since the end of October 2013, but the Marriage Equality Bill still has not been codified into law. Lawmakers have been unable to agree on all of the issues that are involved with the implementation of marriage equality and therefore the bill that would codify marriage equality into law has not been passed. Please note that this does not mean that gay marriages are not legal in NJ because they are, but the Marriage Equality Bill has not been passed into law. One of the main areas of dissention among lawmakers has been the issue of, if and how, to grant exemptions for churches and the clergy who refuse to perform lesbian, gay, bi-sexual or transgender marriage ceremonies due to their religious beliefs and tenets. Under the current, proposed Marriage Equality Bill, there is an exemption for religious groups to allow them to deny same-sex marriages based upon the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. The bill also specifies that religious groups cannot be forced to provide space, services, or privileges related to marriage if LGBT marriage violates their religious beliefs. The legal issues that are involved are very complex and lawmakers will continue to debate the substance and structure of the Marriage Equality Bill in the ensuing weeks and months. At this time, it is difficult to predict whether or not the Marriage Equality Bill will become New Jersey law in 2014. If you are considering entering into a same-sex marriage or if you are contemplating obtaining a same-sex divorce it is critical that you seek out the advice of an experienced attorney before moving forward. For more information about same-sex marriage,divorce, same-sex relationship dissolution, civil union dissolution or other family law matters in New Jersey visit HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

NJ Will Recognize Out of State Same-Sex Marriages

In the wake of the NJ Superior Court decision Garden State Equality v. Dow and the legal drama that ensued leading to New Jersey's recognition of same-sex marriage, many gay and lesbian couples have new questions regarding the status of same-sex marriage in this state, including the validity of out of state same-sex marriages. To assuage questions such as this, the NJ Department of Health and Human Services has released a statement to address the this specific issue. In its statement, released earlier this month, the Department of Health confirmed that NJ will recognize and honor the validity of same-sex marriages that were performed and validated in other states that previously recognized same-sex marriages. Therefore, for gay and lesbian couples who may be wondering if they will be required to get re-married in NJ in order for the state to officially recognize their marriages, the question has been answered. Same-sex couples who were legally married in other states do not have to re-marry in New Jersey for the state to recognize their legal union. On the other hand, LGBT couples who were legally joined in a civil union will have to legally "re-marry" in NJ for their marriage to be recognized by the Garden State and federal government to receive the marriage benefits from each. Unfortunately for couples joined in a NJ civil union, the Garden State Equality v. Dow decision did not provide for the automatic conversion of civil unions into marriages. As the weeks and months wane on following New Jersey's recognition of same-sex marriages, the legislature and legal communities will continued to refine and clarify how the laws of the state will evolve and adapt to include same-sex marriage recognition. As more and more same-sex couples apply for marriage licenses in the state, there is no doubt that additional questions will surface that need to be clarified and resolved as New Jersey embraces marriage equality. For more information about same-sex civil union, same-sex relationship dissolution, divorce, adoption, child custody, alimony or other Family Law matters in New Jersey visit NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Same-Sex Marriage and Adoption - Things to Remember

Now that New Jersey recognizes marriage equality, same-sex couples may decide to adopt children as they build their families, but there are some things that they should keep in mind before doing so. As of October 21, 2013, New Jersey has become the 14th state in the United States to recognize same-sex marriage equality. Gay and lesbian couples throughout the state are enjoying the opportunity to express their love, legally join their lives, and for the first time have the state of New Jersey and the federal government recognize that love as equal to that of opposite sex couples in the eyes of the law. Going forward, many members of the LGBT community are going to thrive and build their families in their pursuit of the American dream. Adopting a child or children may be an integral part of forming new families and achieving that dream. Of course, the adoption of a child and the building of a family are deeply personal decisions for any married couple - same or opposite sex. Unfortunately, for same-sex couples there may be some legal impediments or detriments that couples previously in a civil union or not married may not be aware of and should recognize before they decide to officially become married in this state. First, there are some potential negative tax implications for same-sex married couples looking to adopt as opposed to couples in a civil union. If a gay or lesbian couple decide to marry they will forfeit their right to take advantage of the state adoption tax credit. Further, if married, the couple may also lose the right to some income-based federal benefits. If they are legally married, these income-based federal benefits may be lost if the joint income of both spouses is considered in the determination of eligibility. Similarly, when the adopted child reaches the age when he or she is about to matriculate to college, the married status of the same-sex couple will have implications on filing for federal student financial aid. Although the status of marriage equality across the United States seems to be progressing as, one by one, the states are beginning to recognize same-sex marriage equality, there are still many nations around the world that vehemently oppose the practice. Marriage could seriously diminish a same-sex couple's opportunity to adopt a child from a foreign country that opposes marriage equality. Many nations will refuse to permit the adoption of a child to a gay or lesbian married couple, simply because the nation disagrees with marriage equality. If you are considering entering into a same-sex marriage or are in a same-sex marriage and interested in adopting the child of your spouse or both of you wish to adopt a child together, you should consult with an attorney with the knowledge and experience to give you the help you need. For more information on same-sex civil union, adoption, same-sex relationship dissolution, or other family law matters in New Jersey visit NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Does Ex-Spouse Cohabitation With New Paramour End Alimony?

In the state of New Jersey, may people believe that if they have been divorced in the state and now have an alimony obligation, that obligation will cease if their ex-spouse begins to cohabitate with a new significant other. Some may find it very surprising that this is not necessarily the case. A person may have to prove much more than the fact that their ex-spouse is living with a new significant other to terminate an alimony obligation. Under the laws of New Jersey, a party who wishes to terminate his or her alimony obligation must prove that their ex-spouse is first engaged in an intimate and enduring relationship with a new person. This party must also prove that the ex-spouse and his or her new paramour have engaged in duties and privileges that are commonly associated with marriage, which includes - living together, commingling of finances, sharing living expenses, and the recognition of the relationship among the new couple's family and friends. Beyond this, a person must show that his or her ex-spouse has economically benefited from the cohabitation with the new significant other. Even if a party is able to prove all of the aforementioned elements, the court may only reduce the alimony obligation instead of terminating it altogether. In order to be in the best position to receive some relief from the court, a party should be prepared to demonstrate that the ex-spouse's significant other either supports them or lives with them without contributing support. In order to prove this, a party will have to present to the court a comprehensive overview of the financial arrangements of all of the other parties involved, which could prove to be a difficult and expensive endeavor. If you are facing a spouse's efforts at alimony reduction or seeking to reduce or modify alimony you should obtain an experienced family law attorney to advise you of the likelihood of success in your matter and guide you through the process. For more information about alimony or spousal support in New Jersey it is advised that you consult with an attorney with experience in this area of the law. For more information on alimony/spousal support, contested divorce, high net-worth divorce or other Family Law matters in New Jersey visit NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Civil Unions Are not Automatically Converted to Marriages In NJ

As a result of all of the recent and swift changes in New Jersey regarding same-sex marriage, many gay and lesbian couples who previously joined their lives in a civil union, are wondering if their civil unions will be automatically converted to marriages under New Jersey laws. Unfortunately, the answer is, no. New Jersey civil unions will not be automatically converted into state-sanctioned marriages. The fact that civil unions do not automatically convert to legal marriages can have significant consequences on the legal status of same-sex spouses throughout the state. This past summer, the United States Supreme Court struck down portions of the Defense of Marriage Act, effectively allowing same-sex couples, who were legally married in the states where they lived, to receive federal benefits as a married couple. The United States Supreme Court specified that civil unions are not recognized by the federal government and therefore do not entitle couples to receive federal benefits under the ruling. New Jersey Superior Court Judge Mary Jacobson held last month that same-sex couples are not afforded equal protection under the laws of New Jersey because they are not afforded the same privileges and rights as heterosexual married couples. Quickly thereafter, as of October 21, 2013, New Jersey began to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples offering the opportunity to obtain all the protections and rights afforded under the laws pertaining to heterosexual couples who choose to marry. The Superior Court's ruling offered no direction pertaining to the status or validity of same-sex civil unions or whether they would be converted to marriages by operation of law. Therefore, couples in viable civil unions seeking the status of married couples must still obtain a marriage license and participate in a formal ceremony to obtain the state and federal benefits afforded to legally married spouses. The benefits to members of the LGBT community already in civil unions who now enter formal marriages include tax benefits, social security benefits, and immigration rights, they must file to obtain a marriage license. If you have questions regarding the status of a civil union in New Jersey, the implications and validity of any existing support or promissory agreements prepared between yourself and your spouse or other matters which may be affected by the approval of marriages by the NJ courts you should consult you consult with an attorney experienced in both civil union law and traditional family law to ensure you are protected. For more information about same-sex civil union, same-sex relationship dissolution, adoption, alimony, child support, custody or other Family Law matters in New Jersey visit NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Same-Sex Marriage Begins In NJ, Are Civil Unions A Thing Of The Past?

Yesterday, October 21, 2013, gay and lesbian couples in communities throughout New Jersey received hope that Civil Unions may be a thing of the past and as marriage ceremonies and celebrations began at sunrise. These couples believe it is likely that, going forward, same-sex civil unions will no longer be the lesser option available to members of the LGBT community who wish to express their love for their partners with the same rights and protections afforded heterosexual couples. Many same-sex couples throughout the state rushed to be among the first to effectuate their marriages after a New Jersey Superior Court Judge's ruling effectively allowed New Jersey to join the 13 other states that recognize gay and lesbian marriages. Going into the weekend, many of these couples did not even know if their ceremonies would take place as the New Jersey Supreme Court unanimously rejected Governor Christie's request to push back the date for the implementation of the same-sex weddings. The governor requested that the New Jersey Supreme Court overturn the trial court's ruling, effectively delaying same-sex weddings, until an appeal could be heard on the issue. Although the Supreme Court agreed to hear the appeal in January 2014, it rejected the request to overturn the lower court's ruling. On Monday, October 21, 2013, Governor Christie announced that he is dropping his appeal to overturn the lower court's decision. The governor stated that he decided to drop the appeal because the Justices of the New Jersey Supreme Court have made it clear they would rule in favor of gay marriage in January if they were to hear the case. Therefore, as of yesterday New Jersey became the 14th state in the United States of America to recognize same-sex marriage. Is this really the end of the battle? Time will tell. In the meantime, LGBT couples will still have the option to engage in civil unions as a means to legally validate their love. Couples are not required to engage in a marriage ceremony under the recent developments within the state. Civil Unions will continue to offer same-sex couples an option to legally join their lives. Whether they will have to be ratified later in order to receive the full protections enjoyed by married couples is unknown. If you have questions regarding the protections afforded by civil unions in New Jersey it is important for you to consult with an attorney with experience in this area of the law. For more information about same-sex civil union, same-sex relationship dissolution, or other family law matters in New Jersey visit NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Complicated Divorces Can Grow From Business Ownership

Whether you are a contractor, an accountant, a professional entertainer or operate a manufacturing plant, your spouse or civil union partner can seek a portion of your business proceeds and assets in a highly contested divorce. When one or both parties to a divorce owns a small business, the business can complicate divorce proceedings as the divorcing couple attempts to equitably distribute assets. During divorce proceedings, a party may seek an interest in the business and substantial alimony which will allow them to continue to enjoy the lifestyle provided by the hard work of the business owner during the marriage. A divorce can create major issues for the business owner and their business partners. New Jersey courts provide for wide discovery rules. Judges can authorize either party to request a very wide scope of documents and information regarding the business and its value. Further, this means that all of the documents, unless there is a confidentiality order, will become part of the public record. If business information becomes public record it will become available for all competing businesses to view which may result in the loss of your business' competitive advantage. In addition, courts will attempt to ascertain the fair value of the business which is distinguished from the fair market value of the business. This process can become very complicated. The valuation of the business will depend a great deal on the business' demonstrated cash flow, assets, accounts payable and receivable statements, payments of insurance, travel, vehicle expenses and other typical business write-offs as well as payment of pension plans to employees, and other factors. During the divorce, a party may seek an equitable interest in the business. It is difficult to determine just how much of an interest a spouse is entitled to because, as previously mentioned, there are factors such as the fair value of the business which are specific and particular to each individual situation. Even if a business was started before the parties were married, or the owner became the owner through an inheritance, the other party is entitled to seek an equitable interest in the appreciation in the value of the business that occurred during the marriage and even the term prior to the marriage where the parties lived together as a family depending on the facts. Cash flow from a closely-held or family owned business is often the main or sole source of income for a person, a family,or families. Whether you are the business owner or the supported spouse, it is critical that you obtain experienced legal counsel to guide you through discovery, the business valuation process and the divorce itself. For more information about small business divorce, alimony, equitable distribution or other family law matters in New Jersey visit NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way is it intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Can A Second Parent See The Child After Termination Of A Same-Sex Relationship?

In New Jersey, many may wonder about what happens to the second parent in the event that same-sex couple's relationship ends. In truth, since New Jersey does not recognize marriage equality, if the couple were raising a child, this situation may cause a problem. The legal status of the non-legal or non-biological parent may be jeopardized when it comes to issues of child custody. When heterosexual couples break up, the courts will intervene to order an equitable resolution to child custody issues. Same-sex couples do not automatically have these legal protections available to them. In some instances, the courts may even find that the second parent in the dissolved gay and lesbian relationship has no rights even if he or she has spent years raising the child. In fact, courts may be inclined to award full custody to the legal/biological parent who would then have the legal authority to prevent the second parent from having any contact with the child that he or she loved as though the child were their own. The Family Court has the discretion to render decisions based upon what is within the child's best interests. Therefore, some courts may award an LGBT second parent with some visitation rights if it is found that the second parent was such an important figure in the child's life that it would be within the child's best interests to maintain a relationship with the second parent. In many cases, these second parents have served the responsibilities of being a full parent to the child and depriving contact with the child would likely result in more harm to that child than good. Further, the court may look to such factors as 1) the duration of the relationship between the same-sex parents and how long the child was a part of the second parent's life before the parties' relationship ended; 2) whether the natural parent nurtured the relationship between the child and the second parent and 3) whether the second parent assumed the duties of child rearing to an appreciable degree. In sum, the answer to the question "What happens to the relationship between the child and a second parent when a same-sex relationship ends" is not one that is easily answered. To protect their parental rights a gay or lesbian second parent should adopt. In the alternative, although providing less security for their rights a parent, they may wish to enter into a parenting time or custody agreement with the legal/biological parent to provide guidance for the courts in the event that the relationship one day dissolves. If you are involved in a custody dispute, whether in a same-sex or heterosexual relationship, it is critical that you seek advice from experienced legal counsel. For more information about civil unions, parenting time, custody and visitation, child support, same-sex relationship dissolution or other family law matters in New Jersey visit NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

The Divorce Case Management Conference

The process and procedures involved in a divorce can become quite complicated, an important component of a divorce case is the case management conference. A case management conference is held after the divorce complaint has been filed by the plaintiff with the court and the defendant has submitted a response. After these initial pleadings have been filed, the court will schedule a case management conference. The purpose of a case management conference is to bring the parties together in court to discuss the initial issues that are involved in the divorce process. During the conference, the parties will discuss the items that will be requested during the discovery process and to implement a discovery schedule. During the discovery process, the parties provide each other's attorneys with information regarding marital assets, property, debts, and income. This information will provide the court and the attorneys with the information necessary to determine the equitable distribution of such property and assets. In addition, at the conclusion of the case management conference the court will render a case management order which will set forth the discovery schedule and will include which, if any, experts may be required and when their evaluations, valuations, appraisals, and other important documentation will be due to the parties' attorneys. In New Jersey, most judges will require that the parties attend the case management conference and contribute to the preparation of the case management order. Further, the court will most likely order that the parties engage in parenting mediation and other measures to provide the parties with an opportunity to settle or resolve many of the impending issues that will surface in the impending divorce proceedings. Ultimately, the case management conference is an important first step in the divorce process that will attempt to set the path for the process and help the parties by providing the resources necessary to resolve as many of the property, child custody, child support, parenting time, and other issues as efficiently and quickly as possible. If you are considering a divorce or civil union dissolution it is critical that you have experienced legal counsel at your side to guide you through the legal process. For more information on Divorce, Custody & Visitation, Child Support, Alimony/Spousal Support, Mediation, Dissolution, Parenting Time or other Family Law matters in New Jersey visit NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Same-Sex Couples And Adoption

As the landscape of the family dynamic is changing across America, gay and lesbian couples are petitioning the courts in increasing numbers to adopt children and build their families. There are many different situations and social configurations that can lead a same-sex couple or partners to seek adoption. For lesbian partners not in civil unions at the time of the child's birth, one spouse may have given birth and the other may seek to adopt the child as a second parent or step-parent adoption (if the state where the couple resides permits such adoptions). Gay men may desire to do almost the same thing, either by using a surrogate to give birth to a child or by adopting a child through other means. In addition, in states that permit such, gay and lesbian couples may try to jointly adopt children so that both partners become the legal parents of the child at the same time. Joint or second parent adoptions may not be a potential option for many same-sex partners in the United States because some states continue to disallow same-sex partners from adopting children together. In New Jersey, same-sex couples are allowed to adopt a child together, whether it be a joint adoption or a second parent adoption. Additionally, as is the case with married heterosexual couples, New Jersey grants legal parent status to gay and lesbian birth partners when a child is born of a legal civil union. Still, it is recommended, even in these situations, that the non-biological parent seek a step-parent adoption to ensure that the legal rights of that parent are recognized if they were to travel to a state that does not recognize gay and lesbian relationships. Further, there may be options for gay and/or lesbian partners who cannot or do not wish to legally adopt a child. The parties can execute a legal parenting agreement indicating that although only one partner is the legal parent of the child, the other partner has certain rights and obligations over the child that effectively make them a parent. As the social scheme and dynamic of the structure of the "traditional family" continues to evolve, the law will reflect the changes and provide more options for gay and lesbian or couples who wish to adopt or co-parent children during their relationship. For more information about Same-Sex Civil Union, Dissolution, Adoption, Parenting Time, Custody and Visitation, or other LGBT Family Law matters in New Jersey visit NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Not Ready For Divorce? Try A Separation Agreement

If you are not quite ready for a divorce, maybe you should first try a separation agreement. A couple contemplating divorce in New Jersey may want to take some time apart from each other to re-evaluate their feelings or weigh the future implications that a divorce may have on their lives. Divorce proceedings can become extremely complicated and difficult processes. While a conflict situation may seem to be headed in the direction of a divorce, it is very common that a couple may not be quite ready to make the life-changing, and potentially expensive decision to begin the divorce proceedings, on impulse. For people in this situation, there is an option. A legal separation can be bound by a separation agreement. Separation agreements afford couples who are contemplating a divorce with the opportunity to suspend, but not completely end their marriage. Therefore, the couple can take the time that they need to decide what is best for them in the future and how they will move forward. One of the primary benefits of a separation agreement is that it can function much like a contract or a pre- or post-nuptial agreement in that it can provide legal protections for each of the parties while they seek options such a marriage counseling, mediation or other attempts to reach a mutual reconciliation. The separation agreement is a document that both parties willingly and voluntarily enter into that can detail how particular issues between them are handled during the course of their separation period. Issues that can be addressed in a separation agreement include important life issues and considerations such as child custody and visitation rights, alimony and spousal support considerations, child support obligations, living arrangements, parenting time, and almost any other pending area of conflict between the parties. If the parties eventually decide to divorce, the separation agreement can act as a stepping stone or framework for the structuring of the impending divorce and the equitable distribution of assets. On the other hand, if the parents decide that after their separation period they want to try to reconcile, they can receive solace from the fact that while they were legally separated their interests and assets were legally protected. If you and your spouse or civil union partner wish to try reconciling your issues by way of temporary separation before tossing away the time you have together and the memories that go along with it, you should consult with an experienced family law attorney regarding a separation agreement to protect your rights and interests during any trial separations. For more information about Divorce, Custody & Visitation, Child Support, Alimony/Spousal Support, Mediation, Dissolution, Parting Time, Mediation or other Family Law matters in New Jersey visit www.NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Same-Sex Marriage Debate in New Jersey Rages On

The debate on the same-sex marriage continues to rage on in the state of New Jersey in lieu of recent developments in the New Jersey judicial system. Last year, the New Jersey State Legislature passed a Marriage Equality law that would have allowed same-sex couples to marry in the states, but at that time, Governor Chris Christie vetoed the bill and temporarily ended the debate. On Friday September 27, 2013, New Jersey Superior Court judge Mary Jacobson ruled that same-sex couples in New Jersey must be allowed to get married, beginning on October 21, 2013. According to Judge Jacobson, gay and lesbian couples are being denied equal rights under the law and therefore must be allowed the right to marry just like heterosexual couples. If the state were to issue marriage licenses to same sex couples on October 21st, they would have all of the same state and federal benefits that heterosexual couples enjoy. Many marriage equality supporters from around the state joined together in celebration of Judge Jacobson's ruling, but does her ruling truly end the debate? The answer is, no. Governor Christie has stated that he will appeal Judge Jacobson's decision. Typically, the Appellate Division would first have to hear a challenged case, but in this instance state lawmakers and the governor have asked the New Jersey Supreme Court to consider the matter, circumventing the Appellate Division. On October 2, 2013, Governor Christie asked the judiciary to delay the enforcement of Judge Jacobson's order until the appeal can be decided by the Supreme Court. Judge Jacobson's ruling is the first of its kind since the United States Supreme Court released its ruling that the federal government cannot deny federal benefits to married same-sex couples. Judge Jacobson based her opinion in part on that United States Supreme Court decision. It is still too early to predict how Judge Jacobson's ruling will impact marriage equality in the state of New Jersey. Ultimately, this latest development proves that the debate over same-sex marriage in this state is still a hot topic and is far from over. With the legislature, the judiciary, and the governor all weighing in heavily on the debate over the past few years, the only certainty with regard to issues of same-sex marriage in New Jersey is that people throughout the state feel very passionately about the issue. Whether the legal status of same-sex marriage changes soon or not, has yet to be decided. If you are seeking to enter into or dissolve a civil union, there are ways to protect yourself and your partner under the existing laws by entering into contractual agreements where the law falls short of offering you protections offered to heterosexual married couples. For those in the LBGT community who are in long-term relationships and cohabitating, it is important to consult with experienced legal counsel regarding the steps you should take to protect your present and future interests under NJ Law. For more information on same-sex civil union, dissolution, divorce, custody, visitation, child support or other family law matters in New Jersey visit www.NJCivilUnionLaw.com and HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

What Is Covered In Child Support Obligations

The expenses and items that are covered in child support obligation calculations are governed in New Jersey by the Child Support Guidelines. These guidelines were established to describe what items and expenses that child support obligations are supposed to cover. Besides the mandatory expenses that the guidelines automatically include in the calculation there are other potential items and expenses that should also be included if they are necessary to the functioning of a particular family. According to the Child Support Guidelines, allowable expenses for child support obligations include: Health Insurance for the Children: There are nominal costs for adding a child or children to a parent's health insurance policy which should be included in a child support obligation calculation. Further, it is important to note that the parent who lists a child or children on his or her insurance is only given a credit for the children's portion of the health insurance costs. Work -Related Child-Care Expenses: The cost of any work-related child care expenses incurred by the parent is included in the calculation. For instance, day care or day camp costs. To be included in the child care calculation, the cost must be assumed to care for a dependant, minor child or for a dependant who is physically or mentally disabled. Foreseeable and Recurring, Unreimbursed Medical Expenses: The first $250.00 of each child's unreimbursed medical expenses is included in a party's child support obligation under the Child Support Guidelines. If a particular child assumes regular and predictable unreimbursed medical expenses for an affliction, this expense should also be included in the child support obligation. If such expenses are not predictable, recurring, or foreseeable, then they are not included in the child support calculation but the cost should be shared equally among the parities based upon their income percentage. Other Court Approved Expenses: New Jersey Courts, at their discretion, can add to a party's child support obligation for foreseeable and/or expenses that are not routinely encountered by families. Some examples include: special need accommodations for children who are gifted or who suffer from disabilities; non-custodial parent transportation costs; or special educational costs. These aforementioned examples and other like examples must be approved by the court to be included in a basic child support obligation. Although it seems reasonably simple, everyone has heard horror stories regarding child support from friends or family members and knows such matters must not be taken lightly due to significant financial consequences for the parties. If you are seeking a divorce or dissolution of a civil union or wish to modify an existing child support order you should consult an experienced family law attorney immediately. For more information about child support, emancipation, divorce, civil union dissolution, child custody or other family law matters in NJ visit HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Emancipation And Child Support

Emancipation status will affect child support payments. If and when a child becomes legally emancipated can affect a parent's child support obligation. New Jersey is widely considered to be one of the most difficult states in which emancipations are granted. The reason for this is because although turning the age of eighteen is a major factor in the consideration of emancipation, it is not solely determinative. Determining when a child is legally emancipated from his or he parents is important for many social considerations, but it is an extremely integral element in a parent's child support calculation because the child's emancipation status can be the life event that ends a parent's obligation to continue to pay child support. New Jersey statutory law does not expressly define the elements of emancipation and therefore case law and the courts serve as the main guidance to determine a person's emancipation status. This is also why defining emancipation in New Jersey can become a difficult and case-specific endeavor. The NJ Appellate Division in Filippone v. Lee, 304 N.J. Super. 301 (App. Div. 1997) held that with regard to emancipation, the determination is very fact sensitive and requires a court to consider "whether a child has moved beyond the sphere of influence and responsibility exercised by a parent and therefore maintains an independent status of his or her own ." This holding reveals that in many instances a child may not be legally emancipated until well after they turn eighteen years of age. If a child cannot "maintain a independent status of his or her own" because he or she is enrolled in a college or other educational program, the child is not or cannot obtain gainful employment, or there are considerable other factors that preclude a child from achieving independent status, they may not be emancipated at eighteen. The practical effect of this is that a parent's obligation to pay child support may persist for many years beyond the child's eighteen birthday. If a child chooses to enroll in a full-time college program, a parent's child support obligation may extend to that child's graduation from college, which could be at twenty-two or twenty-three years of age. The events that will most likely lead to a child's legal emancipation include: marriage of the child, the child's graduation from college or similar educational pursuit, the child gaining full-time employment after reaching the age of eighteen, the child joining the military, or if the child graduates high school and chooses not to matriculate to college. Recent case law indicates that once a child reaches the age of majority, eighteen years, he or she may voluntarily waive the right to support and seek emancipation from his or her parents even if a court would find otherwise. For more information regarding emancipation, child support, child custody, divorce, civil union dissolution, alimony or other Family Law matters in New Jersey visit HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Unequal Rights For Civil Union Couples- No Irreconcilable Differences Grounds For Dissolution

It may come as quite a surprise to some that irreconcilable differences is not a ground for civil union dissolution in the state of New Jersey. This means that same sex couples who wish to dissolve their civil union must file under one of the statutory grounds for divorce. According to N.J.S.A. 2A:34-2.1 (2012) the only grounds that gay or lesbian couples seeking to dissolve their civil union can file under are the following: 1) voluntary sexual intercourse between a person who is in a civil union and a person other than the person's partner in a civil union; 2) willful and continued desertion for a period of 12 or more consecutive months; 3) extreme cruelty, which is defined as including any physical or mental cruelty that endangers the safety or health of the plaintiff; 4) separation, provided that the partners in a civil union couple have lived separate and apart in different habitations for a period of at least 18 or more consecutive months and there is no reasonable prospect of reconciliation; 5) voluntarily induced addiction or habituation to any narcotic drug; 6) institutionalization for mental illness for a period of 24 or more consecutive months subsequent to the establishment of the civil union; or 7) imprisonment of the defendant for 18 or more consecutive months after the establishment of the civil union. The aforementioned grounds are analogous to the grounds that can be filed for married couples who wish to end their marriage, except for the fact that irreconcilable differences is clearly not an option for couples in a civil union. This dramatically effects the dissolution process for same sex couples. Many married couples willingly choose to file for divorce under the ground of irreconcilable differences because it is a much more expedited process as neither party will bear the burden of having to prove the truth of one of the aforementioned grounds - which also leads to a much more emotionally-charged and contested process. Couples in civil unions do not have that luxury and therefore will have to prove the truth of one of the other grounds in order to dissolve the civil union which will complicated the process dramatically. This compels the party who wishes to dissolve the civil union to choose from those enumerated statutory grounds. For instance, if a party chooses to file for dissolution based on extreme cruelty, that party will have to present the court with evidence that he or she was mentally and/or physically abused by the other party. This may prompt the other party to defend him or herself thus igniting emotions and complicating and lengthening the duration of the litigation. Although gay couples may not have equal rights when it comes to marriage in NJ, they still face the same issues when a relationship ends including child custody, child support, alimony, equitable distribution and more. If you are considering or facing dissolution of your civil union you should consult an experienced civil union attorney to protect your rights and help you navigate the process. For more information regarding same-sex civil union dissolution,custody, alimony, divorce or other family faw matters in New Jersey visit HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

How Much Would Alimony Reform In NJ Change Family Law?

Currently, there are two proposed bills before the New Jersey State Legislature regarding alimony reform that may transform divorce procedures in the state for years to come. The two proposed laws are S2750 and A3909 and, if passed, they will create guidelines for judges to follow when ordering alimony payments based on the duration of the marriage and would also eliminate permanent alimony awards altogether. The issue of the longevity of alimony has been debated in this state for decades. Many practitioners, law makers, and residents hold steadfast beliefs as to whether or not the current state of alimony should be reformed in New Jersey. The sociological perspective that supports the notion that alimony should be reformed in this state is based upon the notion that the need for permanent alimony no longer exists because most households consist of two working spouses who, in the event of the dissolution of the marriage, are capable of supporting themselves independently. Traditionally, permanent alimony existed to ensure that spouses (historically women), who remained home during the marriage to support the family in ways that did not earn money, were not left in financial ruin. Typically, these spouses either never entered the workforce or remained isolated from the workforce for so long that they found it extremely difficult to find suitable occupations because they lacked the skills that employers deemed necessary for employment. On the other hand, the alternative perspective is that there still remains large disparities in the earning potential between spouses. In the event of a divorce, one spouse usually still has a harder time financially supporting him or herself. In addition, one spouse usually serves as the parent of primary residence for their children, if the marriage spawned children, which creates additional financial hardships for that spouse. Therefore, the debate over alimony reform continues to rage on. The alimony reform bill which went before the Senate Judiciary Committee in May of 2013 places limits on the longevity of alimony based upon the duration of the marriage. The bill also provides courts with the option to make alimony awards "in the interests of justice" which means that it would still be possible for a court considering the totality of the circumstances surrounding a marriage to make an alimony award which would persist for and indefinite length of time, as justice requires. Therefore, the proposed law, although seemingly changes the landscape of alimony in New Jersey, would still leave the door open for courts to order long-term alimony awards if the particular situation required them to do so. If you are considering a divorce or modification of alimony you should consult an experienced family law attorney to learn what you may expect and obtain what you deserve. For more information regarding alimony, child support, civil union dissolution, divorce, equitable distribution, custody or other family law matters in New Jersey visit HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes only and not intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Failure to Make Mortgage Payments Decreases Equitable Distribution

Equitable distribution is how the parties' assets are divided in a divorce. Often one of the parties' largest assets is their marital residence. Frequently, a payor spouse or partner will be left with the alternative of paying the mortgage on the marital residence where the other party now resides or paying for their own residence when there are insufficient funds for both. When a party is ordered by the Court in a Pendente Lite Order, Final Judgment of divorce after a trial or agrees under the terms of a property settlement agreement to pay the mortgage on the marital residence and fails to do so, that party's share of the proceeds from the eventual sale of the marital home may be reduced equitably to permit the other spouse or partner to receive what they would have received had the payments been made. In the recent case of Debra Freeman v. William Freeman, Sr., the defendant was to buy the plaintiff's share of the residence or the residence was to be sold. William failed to buy out the plaintiff and also failed to make the mortgage payments due. Although Debra did not make an appropriate accounting of proceeds from the eventual sale of the residence and the court determined she was remiss for same. Although Debra's accounting indicated she walked out of the closing with approximately $12,000, the trial judge determined the parties should have received a combined $42, 422.34 in proceeds and ordered the plaintiff to pay William $21,211.17, representing one-half of the proceeds they should have received from the sale. Debra appealed and the NJ Appellate Court referred to the decision in F.G. v. MacDonell, 150 N.J. 550, 564 (1997) to support the finding that Debra, as the party responsible for the sale of the residence, was under a "duty to exercise reasonable skill and care" in the transaction. As a result of her breach of duty, William was entitled to an award remedying the situation as it pertained to him. However, the New Jersey Appellate Division also held that the Superior Court Judge should have considered the impact of the defendant's failure to make the mortgage payments as required. The Appellate Division remanded the matter to the NJ Superior Court to allow the trial judge to factor the defendant's failure to pay the mortgage into the award to him of $21,211.17 and reduce the award equitably. If you are considering or facing a divorce, it is imperative that you have an experienced family law attorney review your matter in order to ensure you are protected from unforeseen pitfalls which may result in the event of a change in the economy, a bitter former spouse or partner or other circumstances. For more information about divorce, dissolution, child support, alimony, equitable distribution, civil union or other family law matters in New Jersey visit HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes only and not intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

New Jersey Palimony Agreements Must Be In Writing

According to a recent New Jersey Appellate Division decision, palimony agreements must be memorialized in writing if they are to be legally enforceable and the law requiring such is to be retroactively applied. The term "palimony" refers to the support that two unmarried people, who have lived together, promise to pay to each other upon the dissolution of their relationship. The status and availability of palimony throughout the United States varies dramatically from state to state. Some states will enforce palimony agreements other states will not. Further, of the states that do recognize the validity of palimony agreements, the rules that govern their enforcement are not uniformly applied across the states. Traditionally, in New Jersey palimony agreements could be either oral or written agreements to be legally enforceable. The 1979 case, Kozlowski v. Kozlowski, was the foundational precedent for these cases and had remained good law for decades. In 2010, the New Jersey legislature passed a law, N.J.S.A. 25:1-5, effectively amending the Statute of Frauds, which then mandated that palimony agreements be memorialized in writing. This shift in the law may have been caused by a shift in social culture. Over the last two decades, more and more couples have engaged in long term relationships that do not result in a marriage or civil union. Since the relationship dynamics have changed so much in our society, it may have proven difficult for a court to enforce an oral agreement for relationship configurations that appeared to be ever-changing. Therefore, it seemed natural for the law to mandate that palimony agreements be written as a means to minimize confusion and ambiguity over relationship statuses. On February 4, 2013, the Appellate Division rendered a decision in Maeker v. Ross that considered the issue of whether N.J.S.A. 25:1-5 could be applied to palimony agreements that were instituted before 2010. In Maeker, the litigants were engaged in a 10-year long relationship, in which the male partner supported the female. Their relationship ended in 2011 and Ms. Maeker sued Mr. Ross for palimony. The couple did not have a written agreement. N.J.S.A. 25:1-5, was codified in 2010 and required that palimony agreements be in writing in order to be enforceable. The trial court found that based upon the length of the relationship, the lawsuit could proceed. The Appellate Court disagreed and reversed the prior court's opinion, essentially holding that all palimony agreements must be in writing and that the law should be applied retroactively. The decision has been appealed to the New Jersey Supreme Court. For more information about palimony, divorce, civil union dissolution, alimony, child support, custody or other family law matters in New Jersey visit HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes and in no way intended to replace the advice of an attorney.

Consequences of Setting Support Outside the NJ Child Support Guidelines

The payor spouse or partner must exercise caution when setting initial child support outside the NJ Child Support Guidelines ("Guidelines"). In the event the payor later seeks modification of child support based on changed circumstances, the court may find the Guidelines to be inapplicable to any modification sought. Unless there is a provision in the parties' property settlement agreement which specifies that the Guidelines are to be applied in the event of modification, they are likely not to be applied and any modification may also be set outside their framework. Unlike in a standard case in which changed circumstances are proven, modification is warranted and a new child support amount will be established within the Guidelines, there is another hurdle. The parties, or at least the party seeking the modification, will face the legal argument of whether there is now good reason to apply the Guidelines or whether the child support amount should remain outside their scope. In the case of Perri v. Salandra, the plaintiff conceded that the defendant suffered a drastic reduction in income and agreed child support should be modified. The NJ Superior Court held that the party sought to set support outside the Guidelines initially and included no provision in their property settlement agreement calling for application of the Guidelines in the event of modification therefore the Guidelines would not be applied to the modification. The New Jersey Appellate Court affirmed the decision of the Superior Court. If you are seeking a divorce or modification of support, you should consult with an experienced family law attorney to protect your rights and weigh the merits of your case. Although parties often prepare their own settlement agreements, they must be sure to understand that the other party may seek to change the terms of the agreement in the future and how those changes may be applied to their agreement as written. For more information about divorce, civil union dissolution, child support, alimony, equitable distribution or other family law matters in New Jersey visit HeatherDarlingLawyer.com. This blog is for informational purposes only and not intended to replace the advice of an attorney.